The expression, "history repeats itself, first as tragedy then as farce" is a bastardization of a line from Karl Marx. The correct quote is, "Hegel remarks somewhere that all great world-historic facts and personages appear, so to speak, twice. He forgot to add: the first time as tragedy, the second time as farce". This comes from an essay titled The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon, published in 1852.
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